• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Prefabricated wall that will be part of the construction enclosures (both in new construction and in rehabilitation) and whose objective is to keep the interior of the building throughout the year, both in cold and warm times, with a temperature close to that of comfort (approximately 23º c). This is achieved passively, that is to say taking advantage of the solar radiation to heat, and the capacity of certain thermal energy storage materials as latent heat when they change phase, to cool. Its main innovation is that the wall can change its configuration through a simple mechanical system characterized by a series of vertical elements that rotate to present one or the other side to the outside and therefore modify the system to heat or cool. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2558902A2
    申请号:ES201431207
    申请日:2014-08-06
    公开日:2016-02-09
    发明作者:Julio GARCÍA MARTÍN
    申请人:Julio GARCÍA MARTÍN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    In Spain, the current Technical Building Code, through its Basic Document DB-HE “Energy Saving” establishes the minimum requirements that buildings must have in terms of energy efficiency. This document follows the guidelines of Directives 2009/28 / EC and 2010/31 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. In the last update of this Document through Order FOM / 1635/2013, a maximum limitation of the energy consumption of buildings according to climatic zone is established by means of DB-HE 0, and energy demand is limited by means of DB-HE 1. All this is aimed at a radical improvement in the energy efficiency of buildings that must end in the medium term in buildings with almost zero consumption. (NZEB), and it is here that this invention has its field of application. 10

    One of the main ways to reduce the consumption of buildings and therefore make them more efficient, is the use of passive bioclimatic elements, through which the energy consumption derived from the use of other active elements (such as heating, heat pumps, etc.) is reduced. air conditioning, ...) that require 15 energy expenditure to achieve the feeling of well-being inside buildings. It is interesting to note that in Spain the air conditioning consumption can be 45% of the total energy consumption of an average house.

    The feeling of well-being, or what we commonly call comfort, is described as a pleasant combination of stimuli experienced by the user of a building: temperature and humidity of the air, ambient noise, lighting, smell and air quality of the room. The maintenance of the interior temperature of the buildings within the comfort margins is the objective of this invention.
     25
    Currently, there are patents related to the use of thermally heavy walls “Trombe type walls” and others for collecting solar energy and in particular collectors to obtain water and hot air in the State of the Art, and there are also some related with the cold accumulators with phase change. 30

    The double layer walls or Trombe walls are arranged in facades facing the Sun to take advantage of solar radiation for air conditioning purposes. Its scheme consists of a first transparent outer layer (usually glass) and another second opaque and heavy inner layer absorbing solar radiation. In the middle of the two layers 35
    there is an air chamber where air enters from the interior of the room through the lower part of the heavy wall, is heated by convection and is introduced into the interior of the room by a communication at the top of the heavy wall. In hot times, the upper communication with the interior is closed and opened with the outside, thus obtaining air from the interior of the room which in turn will enter 5 through an opening in the opposite wall supposedly at a lower temperature.

    This system has several problems. In cold times in the hours that the solar radiation no longer affects and the heavy wall is no longer hot (for example at night) the insulation of the set is bad, since the air inside the room that is communicated with the The wall chamber through the upper and lower openings is in contact with the outer glass layer, that is, the only separation between outside and inside environment, is a glass without any insulation. In hot times and in places where the outside temperature is high, in the hottest hours of the day the suction effect causes hot air to enter the room, producing an opposite effect to the desired one.

    Finally, the use of heavy walls in the inner layer entails the typical problems of space and overload involved in working with walls of great thickness and density. With respect to this problem, the patent ES 2173010 A1 is known where the use of accumulator that changes the liquid-solid phase at temperatures equal to or greater than that of comfort is proposed, instead of the heavy wall.

    It is also known in this regard the patent ES 2 334 737 A1, which introduces external lower accesses equipped with the corresponding regulating gates that allow ventilation with little thermal jump in intermediate stations and also allows ventilation of the chamber in hot stations , without outside air access to the interior room.

    On the other hand there is currently an increase in interest and therefore publications 30 on the subject of thermal storage using phase change materials or PCM (Phase Change Materials).

    This type of materials stores thermal energy in the form of latent heat when its molecular structure, its phase or its state of hydration changes. Normally 35
    Phase change is between solid and liquid. The interesting thing is that this phase change and therefore the storage of energy is done at a constant temperature that can be close to that of comfort.

    There are different PCMs, such as paraffin waxes, hydrated salts, eutectic mixtures and fatty acids. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each, we consider that the PCM that could be more suitable for the invention, which we will describe below, is the micro-encapsulated paraffin. This is due to its melting temperature (close to 23 ° C), its high latent heat storage capacity (approx. 150kJ / kg), its chemical stability and its ease of storage. Fusion in this type of paraffin occurs within microscopic capsules wrapped in a polymer that prevents its dispersion and increases its thermal transmission capacity. Although we think that this material would be the most convenient, it could be used without encapsulating paraffin or any other material with an important value of thermal inertia. fifteen

    These types of PCMs have been used since the 1990s by incorporating them into porous construction materials, although the most widespread form today is the use of phase change materials in plates mixing it with plaster, for application to passive cooling and heating systems by 20 latent heat storage in buildings. This type of system using plasterboard with PCM is protected by US4747240 A.

    The “Smart Board” plasterboard of the BASF company is significant, with 26% of PCM in weight. Subsequently, these plates have been improved by means of the ES2346282 patent which adds a reinforcement with polypropylene fiber and melanin formaldehyde in order to increase the proportion of PCM in the mixture, incorporating 44.5% by weight of phase change material . These plates are capable of storing in 1.5 cm thickness the same as a conventional plasterboard 5 times thicker or the same as a ½ foot factory of 30 hollow brick.

    The incorporation of PCMs to these boards has some drawbacks that would be necessary to solve, mainly the difficulty of exchanging a high heat index between the indoor air and the PCM, and in panels placed inside with the
    objective of cooling, the night ventilation to the outside, so that the heat stored during the day is not delivered to the interior of the room at night. The placement of this type of system where we increase the thermal inertia of the walls and therefore its thermal energy storage capacity can be counterproductive in cold times where we will need more heat to heat a space, since 5 much of it it will absorb the PCM by releasing it later when it may not interest (for example in offices).

    Finally, indicate that the industrialization, standardization or rationalization of the construction process allows faster execution, with the consequent 10 economic savings due to reduced deadlines and guarantees quality execution. For this reason it is important to make an effort among all to promote the industrialized systems and elements of the building sector, both from the research proposing new constructive solutions to develop industrially and commercially, as well as from companies. It is about taking advantage of opportunity 15 to renew the way of building to restore trust to users and society in general in this sector.

    As can be seen so far, all known systems in the field of walls for passive or bioclimatic air conditioning have been conceived since 20 of the idea of a fixed configuration, static over time, that is, they do not change, adapting to outdoor weather conditions. changing throughout the different seasons of the year. There are timid advances in Trombe type walls, in the sense of adapting the conditions of the walls to the climatic needs through grilles that open or close as appropriate, but the configuration and location of the different layers of the wall remains the same. This implies that very interesting solutions and with proven results in heating, such as the Trombe wall, can become a problem in hot times when what we need is not to heat but to cool. The same can happen with systems of increase of thermal inertia of walls, to be able to cool by absorbing 30 of thermal energy remaining inside the rooms, this can become something counterproductive when we intend to heat and the wall steals energy.

    The invention described here has its main innovation based on the concept that the wall does not have to be static, but must be able to change its
    state or configuration to adapt to changing climatic needs throughout the different seasons of the year. This change must be made simply and without the need for additional energy consumption. In this way we can take advantage of the benefits of existing systems when necessary, eliminating their disadvantages when they do not interest us, thus overcoming the 5 drawbacks mentioned above.

    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
    The present invention refers to a prefabricated wall that will be part of the construction enclosures (both in new construction and in rehabilitation) and whose objective is to maintain throughout the year, both in cold and warm times, the interior of the building with a temperature close to comfort.

    The main innovation presented by this invention to achieve the marked objective is that the conception of the wall is based on the fact that it can change its configuration as we need to heat in cold weather or cool in warm seasons. This configuration change is made in a simple way through a simple mechanism that allows a lever to move from one system to another (it will be necessary to move it twice a year, in spring and autumn).
     twenty
    The wall will function as a solar radiation sensor to heat the air inside the rooms by convection in hot weather. Its operation is similar to a Trombe wall but in an improved way.

    In cold times its operation consists of absorbing in a tank full of 25 PCM the thermal energy left over when the temperature rises above that of comfort inside the spaces during the day, to later eliminate it to the outside environment during the night. The energy exchanges in this configuration are also by convection.
     30
    The possibility is contemplated that the wall is formed by a drawer measuring 125 cm wide, 25 cm deep, for a height equal to the free height of the space to be heated. These measures may vary according to needs. The drawer will have a frame or preferably metallic structure, which will be covered on the face that made the exterior of the building by means of a framed thermo-acoustic glass 35
    perimetrically by an insulation of XPS, EPS or similar panels that will be coated with a cement-based mineral nature, reinforced cement panels or any other finished with paint or plated according to aesthetic needs. On the face that faces the interior of the building the container drawer will be finished by an insulator based on XPS, EPS or similar panels that will be covered with a plasterboard to paint the same as the rest of the room where it is locate.

    The drawer described above that will shape the exterior appearance of the prefabricated wall will house the air conditioning system inside.
     10
    It is contemplated that the air conditioning system is composed of several vertical elements (preferably 6), with a "L" shaped section, that is to say with two rectangular base prisms or sides of the "L" that are joined by one of its ends forming an angle of 90º with each other. These vertical elements will have the possibility of turning by pivoting 90º on a vertical axis located at the junction between the two sides or vertex of the “L”. Through this turn the system can present two different configurations, depending on whether one side of the vertical elements or the other is located, parallel to the facade plane. The other element or side, therefore, will be placed perpendicularly.
     twenty
    The succession of the different elements or sides placed contiguously, some followed by others, will form a continuous plane that will configure the exterior face that will present the air conditioning system and therefore the wall.

    The side or element that will be placed parallel to the facade line in the position for heating will be formed by a prismatic drawer, preferably metallic, of rectangular section, which will house PCM-like material or any other material with high thermal inertia. The face of this drawer that towards the outside will be preferably black, since it has the function of capturing the solar radiation that passes through the aforementioned glass. The succession of the different black faces of these 30 prisms create a plane of solar collection, leaving a sealed air chamber between the outer glass of the wall and this plane, which favors the uptake of radiant waves by revote.

    The captured solar radiation will heat the PCM housed in the vertical tanks, absorbing it as latent heat by melting it and keeping its temperature at approximately 23 ° C. This stored energy, in turn, will be delivered by the PCM by transmitting it to the air that exists in the inner chamber of the wall at a temperature close to that of comfort. When the air in the chamber is heated, it will ascend through the 5 vertical spaces that remain between the sides located perpendicular to the facade. This ascent will allow cold air to enter the room through the grilles located in the lower interior of the wall and hot air out through the grid in the upper internal part of it. This flow will create an exchange of thermal energy by convection between the PCM and the indoor air of the room and will therefore favor the transmission of energy between one and the other.

    In case the PCM is less hot than the air in the room, a downward air flow that cools the air cannot occur. This is due to the fact that by a system of unidirectional opening gates located in the grilles, the upper 15 only allows air to escape from the chamber of the wall but not that it enters and the lower rack upside down only allows air to enter the chamber but Not to leave.

    The system, with this configuration, achieves that the solar radiation is captured through the glass by a black metallic plane separated from the glass by a sealed outer chamber 20 that extends the capture effect and reinforces the insulation of the assembly towards the outside. This collector plane passes the thermal energy to the PCM, which stores it as a heat cell, delivering it by convection to the indoor air little by little and at a temperature close to that of comfort. The introduction of PCM ensures that the wall continues to heat even when there is no solar radiation, taking advantage of the previously stored energy.

    When the temperature of the PCM falls below that of the interior of the room, the thermal energy exchange process will stop since the configuration of the grilles prevents the flow of air into the wall chamber from falling, which is 30 what happens when the air cools. At this time, the wall becomes an enclosure with high insulation that prevents any type of heat loss to the outside, since it will be formed by a thermo-acoustic glass, a waterproof chamber, a layer of at least 7 cm of PCM with great thermal inertia, another
    waterproof chamber (since the circulation of air in the cooling direction is impeded), and an interior insulation.

    As you can see the heating system takes advantage of the principles of the Trombe wall, but it improves it by increasing the insulation to the outside, since the chamber 5 where convection occurs is located between the wall with thermal inertia and the interior insulator and not between the heavy wall and the outer glass, just as it happens in the Trombe wall.

    It is contemplated that the vertical elements that house the PCM have 10 metal fins towards the inside of the chamber, in order to increase the surface in contact with the air and therefore the transfer of thermal energy to it.

    By means of a simple mechanism, which will be described later, the vertical "L" shaped elements 15 will rotate on their axes to present the other side parallel to the facade, thus leaving the front side perpendicular to it.

    This new configuration is used to refrigerate. The side that now appears parallel to the facade plane is formed by an insulation type XPS, EPS or similar 20 coated outwards by a reinforced cement plate or similar painted in white to reflect solar radiation.

    These elements placed adjacent to each other will form an insulating plane, which also reflects solar radiation, and that protects the inner chamber of the wall from the heat existing outside. In this new configuration, the tanks with the PCM are located perpendicular to the facade, being one of the sides of the prism in contact with this insulating plane that protects it from the outside environment and with the other three faces of the PCM tanks in contact with the indoor air of the chamber. In turn, the inner chamber of the wall will be communicated by two grilles with the air of the room, the upper one to allow hot air to enter the chamber and infer it so that the air already cooled can escape.

    The operation of the cooling system will be that when the air in the room is heated above 23ºC, it will enter the wall chamber through its grill 35
    upper and will be in contact with the PCM that will absorb its thermal energy until the air temperature is equal to yours, 23ºC (comfort temperature). This air cooled to 23 ° C will exit through the lower grid, producing a convection process inside the chamber that will multiply the process of exchanging thermal energy between air and PCM. 5

    In this configuration, the mechanism also opens two other grilles on the outside of the wall. They are also communicated with the air chamber but in this case the upper rack only allows air to escape and the lower inlet, that is, an upward flow of air into the chamber. Therefore, this part of the system will only be put into operation when there is a heating of the interior air of the chamber, that is to say, only outside air will enter when it is colder than the PCM. This will occur at night when the outside temperature drops below comfort.

    This night flow will cause the PCM to deliver to the outside air at night, the remaining thermal energy inside the room stored during the day.

    As can be seen, the cooling system takes advantage of the principles of plasterboard with the addition of PCM but improving it, since the energy stored during the day is expelled outside and not inside the enclosure, as was the case with these plates. It also manages to solve the problem of energy transmission between air and PCM, by being done by convection inside the chamber and not by conduction by contact between plate and air.

    There is a system configuration for intermediate stations where there is no need to heat or cool. This would be with cooling mode position with closed internal grilles. In this way the wall becomes an enclosure with high insulation that does not allow transfer of indoor-outdoor thermal energy.

    Finally describe that the mechanism that rotates the vertical elements, and therefore changes the configuration of the wall, is formed by a rectangular structure, as a frame, which holds the vertical axes of rotation. This structure in turn moves laterally through two metal guides (upper and lower) that are attached at their ends to the wall frame. The two metal guides have vertical pivots, which when the rectangular structure moves laterally will run 35
    through channels in the bases of the vertical elements in the form of "L". These channels are square shaped to produce the vertical element pivot.

    The pivots are out of phase with each other so that the rotation of the vertical elements does not become simultaneous, but sequential, that is, so that the second vertical element rotates it is necessary that the first one has previously done it to open the space where it will be housed. the second, and so on with the others.

    The rectangular structure that houses the vertical axes and that by means of its lateral displacement causes them to rotate, is attached to a lever that protrudes in the inner part of the wall and that will be the one that will be actuated to produce the change in its configuration.

    This system of rotation of the vertical elements is one of the possible ones that could be used, but the important thing of the mechanism is not how the rotation is made, but the result, that is to say, it allows to reverse the thermal process of the wall and pass of heating to refrigerate as appropriate.

    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
    To complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
     25
    Figure 1.- Shows two schematic views of how the system works in heating configuration. The view on the left shows us how during the day the wall facing the Sun will capture its radiation through the thermo-acoustic glass. This radiation will be absorbed by a black metallic plane that is in contact with the PCM. The thermal energy stored in the PCM will be delivered to the air of the inner chamber 30 of the wall over a period of time greater than the solar hours. The exchange of heat between the PCM and the air in the room is done by convection, when an upward air flow is created inside the wall, which produces the entry of cold air through the inner grill of its lower part and air outlet heated to comfort temperature by the top grill. With this 35
    heating mechanism we manage to keep the interior air of the building at a temperature close to that of comfort. The view on the right shows what happens when all the energy collected is delivered and the PCM reaches a temperature lower than that inside the room. In this case, the air flow is stopped since a downward flow is not possible inside the chamber, which is what would happen if the air cooled. This is not possible due to the unidirectional flow system of the grilles, since the upper one only allows air to escape from the chamber and infer that it enters. In this state the wall becomes an enclosure with a high insulation that prevents heat losses from conduction towards the outside.
     10
    Figure 2.- Shows two schematic views of how the system works in cooling configuration. The view on the left shows us how during the day the wall reflects the solar radiation through an exterior plane of white painted reinforced cement insulator. This plane protects PCM tanks housed in the inner chamber of the wall from the outside. During the day the PCM absorbs the remaining thermal energy inside the room when the temperature rises to 23ºC, since the hot air will enter through the upper internal grid, cooling down when it comes into contact with the PCM at 23ºC and leaving it temperature through the lower inner grill. This will create a downward flow inside the chamber that will accelerate the heat transmission between air and PCM. The view on the right shows us that 20 will occur when at night the outside temperature drops below that of the PCM. In this case, the air flow inside the chamber will be reversed and will be ascending by entering fresh air through the lower outer grid and taking the thermal energy stored during the day by the PCM when it comes out hot through the upper outer grid. The air flows leave or enter through the convenient grilles because they have a system of 25 gates that only allow the flow in a previously configured direction.

    Figure 3.- Shows two sections of the prefabricated wall in heating configuration. Section A-A´ is vertical transverse and has two details where the turning mechanism and the arrangement of the grids can be clearly seen. The B-B´ is a horizontal section and has an enlarged detail of the vertical elements and their different components.

    Figure 4.- Shows two sections of the prefabricated wall in refrigeration configuration. Section C-C´ is vertical transverse and has two details where
    the rotation mechanism and the arrangement of the grids are clearly visible. The D-D´ is a horizontal section and has an enlarged detail of the vertical elements and their different components.

    Figure 5.- Shows the appearance of the exterior elevation of the wall. In other words, what 5 would look like from outside the building.

    Figure 6.- Shows the appearance of the interior elevation of the wall. In other words, what it would look like from the inside of the air-conditioned room.
     10
    Figure 7.- It shows a longitudinal section of the prefabricated wall, seen from inside the room. It has two enlarged details where the mechanism of lateral displacement is appreciated to produce the turns of the vertical elements and therefore modify the configuration of the wall.
     fifteen
    Figure 8.- It shows the three main parts of the turning mechanism, plan views.

    Figures 9 and 10.- We show the succession of movements of the rotation mechanism in a sequence of lateral movement of the rectangular structure in intervals of 1 20 cm. The sequence starts in cooling configuration (R), and ends in heating configuration (C), showing all intermediate steps.

    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION:
    In view of the aforementioned figures, it can be observed that in one of the possible embodiments of the invention, the invertible wall for passive air conditioning that the invention proposes preferably consists of the ordered arrangement of a phase change material or PCM (1) for the storage of thermal energy at a constant temperature close to 23ºC of the comfort temperature.
     30
    This material will preferably be stored in container tanks (2) that will form vertical elements that can rotate to reverse the configuration of the wall and move from heating to cooling.

    In their configuration for heating (Figure 1), these vertical elements will preferably have a metallic plane that captures solar radiation (3). This captured thermal energy will be stored by the phase change matter (1). In order for the radiation to reach the collector plane, the prefabricated wall will preferably be resolved on its outer face by means of a thermo-acoustic glass 5 (4) that encloses a sealed chamber (5) between it and the black plane to reinforce the capture effect and not allow heat loss to the outside by conduction.

    In the configuration for cooling (figure 2) by means of a mechanism the configuration of the wall is reversed and the tanks (2) PCM containers are protected from the outside preferably by an XPS, EPS or similar insulation plane (6) that reflects the radiation solar since it will be preferably covered by reinforced cement with white finish (7).

    The thermal energy stored in the PCM will be transmitted to the inner air chamber 15 of the wall (9). To increase the transmission of energy and PCM the vertical elements will preferably have a metal fin (8).

    The container drawer of the mechanism will preferably be insulated on its two outer and inner faces by insulator (10) XPS, EPS or the like. This insulator will preferably be coated on the outer face by a reinforced, cladded or similar cement coating (11). In the inner face it will be covered preferably by plasterboard (12) to paint the same as the rest of the room that is heated.

    The rotation mechanism of the vertical elements will preferably be composed of a rectangular structure (13) with possible lateral displacement, which holds the vertical axes of rotation of the vertical elements (14). These axes of rotation (14) will preferably be attached to the bases (15) of the PCM tanks. These bases will preferably have square-shaped channels (31) so that pivots with offset (17) are displaced inside them that will produce the turns of the 30 vertical elements sequentially. These pivots are preferably anchored in a metal guides (16) for lateral displacement of the rectangular structure (13) and which also holds it to the wall frame. So that the pivots (17) reach the bases of the tanks (15), the rectangular structure
    (13) preferably have rectilinear channels (32) that allow the pivots to pass through.

    So that in heating mode, the exit of the air once hot from the inner chamber (9) will preferably place grilles in the upper inner area 5 of the wall (18) that will allow the exit of air but not the entry of air To the camera. Complementary to these there will preferably be other grilles in the lower inner area of the wall (19) that will allow cold air to enter but not the air outlet of the chamber. In this configuration, the upper outer grid (20) and the lower outer grid (21) will preferably be plugged by plates (30) 10 connected to the rectangular structure (13) that will move laterally next to it.

    So that in cooling mode, the entry of the hot air into the inner chamber (9) will preferably place grilles in the upper inner area of the wall (24) that will allow the entry of air but not the exit of air from the chamber . 15 Complementary to these there will preferably be other grilles in the lower interior area of the wall (26) that will allow cold air to escape but not the entry of air into the chamber. In this configuration, the outer louvers will also be open, the upper outer louver (25) will allow the hot air to escape from the chamber but not its entry when the outside temperature is lower than that of the PCM and 20 in addition to the lower outer louver (27 ) will allow fresh air to enter but not the air outlet of the chamber.

    To be able to change the configuration of the wall and invert it from heating mode to cooling mode, there will preferably be a lever (28) that will protrude from the inside face of the wall and that will be attached to the rectangular structure (13) to produce its lateral displacement.

    In addition to this lever, the wall will also preferably have two other levers (29) to modify the position of the internal grilles from heating mode to cooling mode or in a third position in closed mode for intermediate stations.

    According to a variant of the invention, forced ventilation means, typically based on fans, not shown, which cooperate in the movement of air with convection can be included.

    According to a variant of the invention, mechanical means, typically 5 electric motors, may be included to replace the operation of the different levers, to produce the reversal of the heating to cooling system. The activation of these means can be induced by switch or preferably by thermostat, timer, or the like.
     10
    In order to show the capabilities of the present invention in an illustrative manner but in no case limiting, the average thermal characteristics of a prefabricated module are explained.

    Assuming the use as a phase change material a paraffin with a capacity to absorb thermal energy in its phase change or latent heat of 150 kJ / kg or equivalent to 0.04166 kWh / kg and estimating that each module can store approximately 40 kg of PCM we can estimate that each wall unit, in a complete phase change cycle, is capable of storing 1.66 kWh.
     twenty
    This means that in heating, in an area of average daily radiation in January of 2 kWh / m2, assuming a collection area of 2 m2, each prefabricated module absorbs 4 kWh per day during the 8 hours it receives radiation. Of this received energy, 1.66 kWh will be stored in the PCM to continue delivering them after the radiation hours have passed, increasing by approx. 40% of the time that the wall follows 25 heating the room, that is, it goes from the initial 8 hours to reach 12 hours of heating.

    As an example of the amount of heat energy generated annually by each prefabricated wall module, in areas of average daily radiation in January of 2.5 30 kWh / m2, such as Madrid, it can reach 1,200 kWh / year.

    For cooling, if we assume that a complete phase change cycle occurs every day, that is, the PCM stores an energy of 1.66 kWh during the day and then delivers it to the outside environment, and that the warm season 35
    lasts approximately 120 days, it can be estimated that each prefabricated wall module is equivalent to generating approximately 200 kWh / year.

    With this data we can conclude, by way of example, that a typical house in Cádiz (climate zone A3) with an annual demand of 2,900 kWh / year in heating and 800 5 kWh / year in cooling, that is to say with an Energy Efficiency Rating D, and that does not meet DB HE1, nor DB HE0; If we placed TWO prefabricated wall modules, it would lower its demand in heating to 800 kWh / year and in cooling 400 kWh / year, passing to an Energy Efficiency Rating B, and to meet DB HE1 and DB HE0. If instead of two modules we placed FOUR, we would cover 100% of 10 energy demand in heating and cooling and would pass to an Energy Efficiency Rating A, complying with DB HE1, and DB HE0.

    If the house were located in Madrid (climatic zone D3) with an annual demand of 11,000 kWh / year in heating and 700 kWh / year in refrigeration, that is to say with 15 an Energy Efficiency Rating D, and not complying with DB HE1 or DB HE0; If we placed FIVE prefabricated wall modules, it would lower its demand in heating to 4,500 kWh / year and in cooling 0 kWh / year, going to an Energy Efficiency Rating B, and to meet DB HE1 and DB HE0. If instead of five modules we put TEN, it would lower its demand in heating to 1,250 20 kWh / year covering 100% of energy demand in refrigeration and would pass to an Energy Efficiency Rating A, complying with DB HE1, and DB HE0.

    Finally, if the house were located in Burgos (climatic zone E1) with an annual demand of 15,000 kWh / year in heating and 0 kWh / year in refrigeration, that is to say with an Energy Efficiency Rating E, and not complying with DB HE1, neither DB HE0; If we placed FIVE prefabricated wall modules, it would lower its demand in heating to 7,000 kWh / year and in cooling 0 kWh / year, passing to an Energy Efficiency Rating B, and to meet DB HE1 and DB HE0. If instead of five modules we put TEN, it would lower its heating demand to 2,750 30 kWh / year and pass to an Energy Efficiency Rating A, complying with DB HE1, and DB HE0.

    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]

    1.- Inverted Prefabricated Wall for Passive Air Conditioning characterized in that it comprises:
     A system for changing the configuration of wall layers, consisting of a series of 5 vertical elements that rotate or change their situation inside the wall, to present one or the other side towards the outside and therefore modify the system to heat or cool.
    Calefacción In heating configuration, a solar radiation sensor plane (3) to heat a phase change material (1) housed in vertical tanks (2), which absorb energy as latent heat through its fusion. This stored energy, in turn, will be delivered to the air that exists in the inner chamber (9) of the wall at a temperature close to that of comfort. This inner chamber (9) is located between the material with thermal inertia (1), and inner insulation (10).
     In refrigeration configuration, a system consisting of 15-phase change products or other material with high thermal inertia (1) inside tanks (2) protected from the outside by insulation (6) and / or coating that allows to reflect solar radiation ( 7). These deposits will be placed inside the walls in contact with an inner chamber (9) that allows the exchange of thermal energy by convection with the interior of the room where it is located or with the exterior as appropriate. twenty

    [2]
    2.-Inverted Prefabricated Wall according to claim 1 characterized in that the configuration change system is formed by a rectangular structure (13) with possible lateral displacement, which holds the vertical axes of rotation of the vertical elements (14) that are attached to its time to the bases (15) of the deposits of phase change material 25. These bases will have square-shaped channels (31) so that some pivots with offset (17) will move inside which will produce the turns of the vertical elements sequentially. These pivots are anchored in a metal guides (16) for lateral displacement of the rectangular structure (13) and which also holds it to the wall frame. So that the pivots (17) reach up to 30 bases of the tanks (15), the rectangular structure (13) will have made rectilinear channels (32) that allow the pivots to pass through.

    [3]
    3. - Inverted Prefabricated Wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal grid system for heating used for energy transfer by
    Convection is formed by several grilles, of which the upper ones (18) only allow the exit of air from the chamber and the lower ones (19) the entrance, therefore only an upward air flow is allowed inside the air chamber.

    [4]
    4. - Inverted Prefabricated Wall according to claim 1 characterized in that the system 5 of internal and external grilles for cooling used for the transfer of energy by convection, is formed by upper internal grilles (24) that only allow air to enter the air chamber and other lower interiors (26) that only allow their exit, therefore it is only possible to exchange energy with the interior of the room by means of a downward flow within the chamber (9), that is only when air is cooled; the upper outer louvers (25) only allow air to escape from the chamber and the lower outer ones (27) thus entering an upward flow of air, that is only when air is heated.
     fifteen
    [5]
    5.- Inverted Prefabricated Wall according to claim 1 characterized by the inclusion of forced ventilation means that cooperate in the movement of air with convection.

    [6]
    6. - Inverted Prefabricated Wall according to claim 1 characterized by the inclusion of mechanical means, typically electric motors, that replace the operation of the different levers, to produce the inversion of the heating to cooling system. The activation of these means can be induced by switch or preferably by thermostat, timer, or the like.
     25

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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2558902B1|2017-04-12|
    ITUB201558636U1|2017-01-29|
    ES2558902R1|2016-07-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2020058500A1|2018-09-21|2020-03-26|Universitat De Lleida|Thermal structure for buildings|US4424804A|1980-06-30|1984-01-10|Lee Kenneth S|Passive solar heating and cooling means|
    FR2492509A1|1980-10-22|1982-04-23|Roditi David|Removable solar panel inner window shutter - has upper and lower thermostatic valves regulating air flow over panel|
    US4495937A|1981-08-31|1985-01-29|Sunwood Energy Systems, Inc.|Thermal collector and storage system|
    FR2524128A1|1982-03-26|1983-09-30|Peiffer Francois|Rotating solar panel for wall opening - has water-filled core with three separate faces|
    EP2071253A1|2007-12-10|2009-06-17|Stephen Glyn Bourne|Panel and method for controlling a temperature in a building|
    ES2334737B1|2008-02-01|2010-12-13|Detea, S.A.|DOUBLE LAYER WALL WITH AIR CONDITIONING FUNCTIONS.|
    法律状态:
    2017-04-12| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2558902 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170412 |
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    优先权:
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    ES201431207A|ES2558902B1|2014-08-06|2014-08-06|Inverted Prefabricated Wall for Passive Air Conditioning|ES201431207A| ES2558902B1|2014-08-06|2014-08-06|Inverted Prefabricated Wall for Passive Air Conditioning|
    ITUB2015U058636U| ITUB201558636U1|2014-08-06|2015-07-29|SAFETY LOCKING DEVICE FOR BICYCLES.|
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